Intellectual property allocation is a central issue in Bulgarian IT structuring, particularly for software development and product companies. The default legal framework is governed by: Bulgarian Copyright and Related Rights Act EU copyright directives (harmonised regime) Copyright in ICT context… MORE
1. Introduction Transparency Effective as of August 2, 2026 As of August 2, 2026, the transparency obligations under Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the AI Act) apply. These obligations apply to selected AI systems where it must be clear… MORE
The primary legal mechanism for engaging IT professionals in Bulgaria is the employment contract under the Labour Code. Employment contracts typically regulate: Job function and role description Working time (standard 8-hour day / 40-hour week regime) Remuneration and bonus schemes… MORE
1. Úvodem Transparentnost od 2. srpna 2026 Od 2. srpna 2026 se uplatňují povinnosti transparentnosti podle článku 50 nařízení (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act). Týkají se vybraných AI systémů, u nichž má být uživateli nebo jiné dotčené osobě zřejmé, že komunikuje… MORE
Bulgaria is widely considered one of the most tax-efficient EU jurisdictions for IT operations. The standard tax framework includes: Corporate taxation: 10% flat corporate income tax (CIT) on taxable profit Dividend taxation: 5% withholding tax on distributed dividends This creates… MORE
For international IT companies entering Bulgaria, the primary structuring decision is the choice of legal entity. The most commonly used form is the Limited Liability Company (OOD / EOOD). An OOD (or single-member EOOD) provides: 100% foreign ownership permitted Symbolic… MORE
Bulgaria has established itself as one of the most attractive IT and outsourcing hubs in Central & Eastern Europe, combining EU membership, a stable legal framework, and one of the most competitive tax regimes in the region. Over the past… MORE
Romania does not recognise a fully equivalent “work made for hire” concept in the common-law sense. Instead, the ownership of copyright in employee-created works is governed by Law no. 8/1996 on copyright and neighbouring rights, which draws a fundamental distinction… MORE
If your company plans to enter Ukraine through a commercial branch (permanent establishment), recent tax developments deserve close attention. Recent guidance from the Ukrainian tax authorities and court practice may change the tax outcome of a common market entry structure…. MORE
Although, in principle, the same types of taxes apply, there are some important differences between the taxation of self-employment income and employment income. Self-employment income Income tax – 10% Social security contributions: Pension contribution (CAS) – 25% Health insurance contribution… MORE
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